Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

面阵CCD时序抗弥散方法研究

文章通过讨论n沟道CCD的物理结构以及两种CCD饱和弥散(弥散型饱和状态和表面型饱和状态)的差异,介绍了面阵CCD抗弥散技术,它通过改变垂直转移时序使普通CCD具有抗弥散功能。对采用该技术前后相机抗弥散的实际效果进行了对比,进一步研究了面阵CCD时序抗弥散所必需的表面型饱和高电平偏置电压测定方法、低电平电压偏置测定方法以及时序工作频率标定方法,给出了工程实现的具体途径。总结了时序抗弥散技术的优缺点,列出了该技术的使用范围和限制条件。     

激光冲击强化提高主动连杆振动疲劳性能

针对某型发动机放气活门主动连杆转接R处的疲劳断裂问题,进行了主动连杆激光冲击强化工艺研究;完成了原型件和激光冲击强化、喷丸及加大R3种处理工艺后主动连杆振动疲劳对比试验.结果表明,在317MPa的应力水平下,激光冲击强化、喷丸和加大R后主动连杆疲劳寿命分别为原型件的5.24倍、3.89倍及1.36倍;与其它2种工艺相比,激光冲击强化具有强化效果好、工艺稳定性高、易于实现等优点,是截至目前减少主动连杆疲劳断裂故障的最佳处理工艺.主动连杆激光冲击强化后表面粗糙度较小,产生深度约1.4mm的高数值残余压应力层,表层晶粒细化至纳米晶并伴随高密度位错.三者共同作用可以有效缓解转接R处的应力集中,抑制疲劳裂纹在转接R处的萌生和扩展,是主动连杆振动疲劳寿命提高的主要原因.     

PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS FOR END MILLING TITANIUM ALLOY USING MODIFIED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION LS-SVM

It is difficult to construct the prediction model for titanium alloy through analyzing the formation mecha- nism of surface roughness due to the complicated relation between influential factors and surface roughness. A no- vel algorithm based on the modified particle swarm optimization （PSO） least square support vector machine （LS- SVM） is proposed to predict the roughness of the end milling titanium alloys. According to Taguchi method and features in milling titanium alloys, the influences of cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut on surface roughness are investigated with the analysis of variance （ANOVA） of the experimental data. The research results show that the construction speed of the modified PSO LS-SVM model is two orders of magnitude faster than that of back propagation（BP） model. Moreover, the prediction accuracy is about one order of magnitude higher than that of BP model. The modified PSO LS-SVM prediction model can explain the influences of cutting speed, feed rate and axial depth of cut on the surface roughness of titanium alloys. Either a higher cutting speed, a lower feed rate or a smaller axial depth of cut can lead to the decrease of surface roughness.     

液体离心喷嘴中的静态表面波

为了探讨液体离心喷嘴中静态空间波动现象的物理本质,在经典理论的基础上分析了液体离心喷嘴中喷口处表面波的相速度和平均轴向速度的相等关系,通过结合CICSAM表面捕捉技术在自适应网格中求解耦合VOF方程的N-S方程组的数值模拟,在旋转轴对称的长喷口模型中获得了不同背压下的空间静止波型。数值模拟结果与经典重力波理论的类比表明:表面波有与液体平均轴向速度大小相等方向相反的相速度;波动由喷嘴的过渡段台阶激励起;波动能量传播速度小于相速度使波动在台阶后的喷口段显现。     

前体边界层状态对高超声速进气道流动结构及性能的影响

采用CFD方法研究了前体边界层状态对轴对称高超声速进气道的波系结构、激波/边界层干扰特性以及流量捕获能力、总压恢复系数等的影响,获得了不同马赫数下进气道性能参数随一级锥边界层强制转捩位置的变化规律,并对采用二维粗糙体作为强制转捩措施给流场所带来的干扰进行了分析,研究中还对比了具体进气道设计方案间的差别.      

喷丸强化对AISI420不锈钢固体粒子冲蚀行为的影响

研究了喷丸强化(SP)对AISI 420马氏体不锈钢抗同体粒子冲蚀(SPE)行为的影响.探讨了喷丸引起的表面残余压应力,表面粗糙度增大和表面加工硬化等三因素对SPE抗力的作用机制.结果表明:SP处理对AISI 420不锈钢在30°攻角下的SPE抗力无明显影响,但却降低了该钢在90°攻角下的SPE抗力.SP处理后进行表面抛光,则使该钢在两种攻角下的SPE抗力均得以提高.SP三因素对SPE抗力的作用机制主要有:表面粗糙化增大了试样表面对冲蚀粒子的有效暴露面积,因而降低了不锈钢在两种攻角下的SPE抗力;表面残余压应力能够有效抑制疲劳裂纹萌生和早期扩展,因而能有效提高AISI 420不锈钢的SPE抗力,特别是对90°垂直冲击条件下SPE抗力的提高作用更为明显;表面加工硬化提高了材料表面的微犁削抗力,因而对提高AISI 420钢在30°攻角下的SPE抗力有贡献,但是表面加工硬化层的抗多冲疲劳性能差,却不利于AISI 420钢在90°攻角下抗SPE性能的改善.     

航天器贮箱气液自由界面追踪数值模拟

主要讨论了航天器贮箱在轨道航行时的微重力状态下其液体推进剂在贮箱内的形态分布及控制.文中采用VOF方法,加入了表面张力的效应,追踪气液两相流的自由界面,对液面在微重力条件下的位形变化进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同重力加速度及接触角下的两相流的相图,分析了影响贮箱中液体推进剂位形变化的主要因素及对其有效的控制方法.      

图像法求液滴表面张力和接触角

空间流体实验具有无人操作的特殊性,需要对监控图像进行实时处理,得到目标参数.本文研究了利用照相机捕捉到的液滴灰度图像,分析求取液滴的表面张力、接触角、体积等物理参数的方法.针对液滴的灰度图像,利用边界提取、域值分割等图像处理方法,得到液滴的基本轮廓.建立基于液面像素点坐标的拉普拉斯方程,运用牛顿一拉夫逊法、龙格-库塔法、坐标轮换法等多种数值方法,对液滴的边界进行拟合,寻求最优的轮廓拟合点.根据最优的拟合点,确定液滴的物理参数.提出了利用牛顿法与一维寻优相结合的算法进行轮廓拟合的方法,并与文献[1]提出的算法进行了比较,证明了该方法具有收敛速度较快,拟合精度较高的特点.该方法是实现空间蒸发液滴热毛细对流和接触角测量实验的一项关键技术,同时也可以运用到非接触测量的实验场合.      

浮力磨粒球性能对工件抛光影响的实验研究

从制作浮力磨粒球材料的性能参数和加工参数入手,综合考虑影响抛光加工的多种因素,应用实验分析方法,研究了磨粒球的直径、磨粒球的层厚和浮力磨粒球抛光工件时的去除量、加工件表面品质的关系.并对抛光工件时浮力磨球的浮力对工件抛光的影响作了分析.